SUNY Fredonia offers approximately $2 million in merit- and need-based scholarships to academically qualified students each year. For scholarship application procedures, go to www.fredonia.edu/finaid/ScholarshipLandingPage.asp. Scholarship recipients will be notified on a rolling basis beginning February 15, 2012 with a response date of May 1, 2012. Scholarship review continues until all awards are offered and accepted.
Alumni Scholarships
The Fredonia Alumni Association awards scholarships yearly to students who are children and grandchildren of Fredonia alumni. Interested persons should contact the Alumni Affairs office at (716) 673-3553 or email alumni.office@fredonia.edu for more information.
For information on scholarships open to all majors, contact the University Scholarship Committee, Office of Student Affairs, Second Floor, Gregory Hall, (716) 673-3271 or email student.affairs@fredonia.edu. For departmental scholarships for specific majors, persons should contact the appropriate department.
Fredonia College Foundation
Department Scholarships/Awards/Funds (as of 9/10)
Following is a list of scholarships/funds that are awarded through the academic departments. The awards are based on academics, talent, financial need or other criteria established within the discipline. Interested persons should contact the department in their major directly to obtain specific requirements and application procedures for the awards.
Arts and Sciences
Arts and Sciences Fund
Athletics
Athletics Department*
Blue Devil Boosters Club*
Blue Devil Boosters Individual Funds*
Blue Devil Director of Athletics*
Corydon Crowell Memorial Fund (alumnus ’80)
Depledge/Poummit Basketball Award (alumni ’33, ’33, respectively)
The Gregory Fund
Sandra Haight Memorial Scholarship
Doris Newman Memorial Scholarship
Phillips Cross Country and Track/Field Endowment
Greg and Linda Prechtl Scholarship (alumni ’69, ’71, respectively)
* Department Funds
Biochemistry
Dennis R. and Kathryn L. Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
Adele Maytum Hunter Scholarship
Mary J. Marletta Memorial Scholarship
Biology
1929 Graduate’s Award - Bioethics
Constantine Barker Fund
Biology Department Endowment
Biology Department Fund*
Dennis R. and Kathryn L. Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
Joseph and Jane (Schuster) Falcone Endowment for Scholarship and Research (alumni '74)
Archer and Mabel Fox Scholarship
Bruce and Nancy Garlapow Memorial Scholarship (alumni ’74, ’75, respectively)
Adele Maytum Hunter Scholarship
Medical Technology Program Fund*
Molecular Genetics and Recombinant Gene Technology Scholarship
Alice M. Sam Biology Scholarship
Willard Stanley Memorial Scholarship
Dr. Robert Wettingfeld Undergraduate Research Award
Yunghans-Dietter Research Award (formerly Merlin Biology Fund)
* Department Funds
Business
Donald C. Brandt Memorial Scholarship
Business and Accounting Fund*
Business Administration Alumni Fund
Dr. James Hurtgen Endowment
Franklin B. Krohn Memorial Scholarship Endowment
Raymond Lai Professional Development Fund for International Business (alumnus ’75)
M.R. Poummit Achievement Award (alumnus ’33)
School of Business Fund*
Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) Endowment
Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) Music Business Award
Gary M. Tripp Memorial Scholarship
Stephen and Carol Eck Ward School of Business Scholarship (alumna ’81)
* Department Funds
Chemistry
Raffaele Borriello, M.D. and Suzanne T. Casden Chemistry Department Endowment (alumni '77, '76, respectively)
Chemistry Department Fund*
Frank J. Costanza's Greenhouse Memorial Fund
Dennis R. and Kathryn L. Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
David Dingledy Memorial Scholarship
James J. Kaminski Scholars Endowment (alumnus '69)
Kelly Family Scholarship Endowment
Dr. Robert Maytum Scholarship
Carolyn Ruth Moos Scholarship
Gilbert and Ruth Moos Outstanding Senior Award
OUR (Outstanding Undergraduate Research) Future Award
Dr. Jerome H. Supple Memorial Scholarship
Byron A. Thumm Scholarship
* Department Funds
Communication
Louis C. and Dr. S. David Adler Scholarship (alumni ’52, ’48, respectively)
Dan Berggren Excellence in Audio/Radio (EAR) Scholarship
Anne Bernstein Memorial Scholarship (alumna ’82)
Communication Department Endowment
Corydon Crowell Memorial Fund (alumnus '80)
Edward S. Edelman Scholarship
Arthur R. Maytum Scholarship
Arlie Muller Parks Award (alumna ’58)
A.J. Pierce Scholarship
* Department Funds
Communication Disorders and Sciences
Constantine Barker Fund
Mitchell R. Burkowsky Memorial Award
Friends Forever – Class of 1958 Scholarship
Kristen M. Luther Memorial Scholarship (alumna 2001, 2002)
Alan Nichter, '69, and Annmarie Woloszyn, '70, Nichter Scholarship in Communication Disorders and Sciences
Esau A. and Susan S. Sam Family Scholarship
Schaffer Family Scholarshipt
Rebecca Snyder Memorial Scholarship (alumna ’83
Speech Pathology Department Fund*
Gustave and Geraldine Werner Scholarship (alumna ’29)
Lt. Gen. Louis E. Woods Scholarship
Henry C. and Ida H. Youngerman Scholarship
* Department Funds
Computer and Information Sciences
John Beck Memorial Scholarship
Feng Chiang Scholarship
Computer Science Endowment
Computer Science Fund*
Debbie Joy Scholarship (alumna '76
Arthur R. Maytum Scholarship
* Department Funds
Cooperative Engineering
Herbert P. Carlyon Scholarship for Cooperative Engineering
Cooperative Engineering Scholarship
Dr. Robert Maytum Scholarship
Criminal Justice
Steven C. Croglio Endowment (alumnus ’97)
Charles H. Patrick Jr. Memorial Scholarship
Economics
Dennis R. and Kathryn L. Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
Economics Department Fund*
Hart-Gorman Economics Fund
Arthur R. Maytum Scholarship
* Department Funds
Education
Baross-Clothier Scholarship (alumni ’47, ’43, respectively)
Fanny Bartlett Award
Jessica Mary Beal Scholarship
Faith Elizabeth Bean Memorial Scholarship
Thelma Brynolfson Scholarship (alumna ’38)
Winifred Budd Elementary Education Scholarship
Helen Buderkin Award
James D. Burdick Memorial Fund
Class of 1953 Dr. Neil Postman Memorial Award for Education
Class of 1954 Scholarship
Class of 1955 Scholarship
Class of 1965 Scholarship
Clifton Scholarship (alumna ’66)
College of Education Fund*
College of Education Endowment Scholarship
Dr. Estelle M. Crino Educational Leadership Scholarship
Anthony M. Deiulio Scholarship
Charles R. and Shirley Miller Erbsmehl Scholarship (alumna ’58)
Friends Forever – Class of 1958 Scholarship
Heichberger Family and Scholars of Leadership Endowment
Dr. Arthur L. Kaiser, '44 and Katherine Kaiser Burch, '53 Education Scholarship
Philip Kochman Scholarship
Helen Kelly Lillie Memorial Scholarship (alumna ’37)
Richard and Arlene LoGuidice Award (alumni ’65)
Lucille Ellis Mack Scholarship (alumna ’50)
Herbert Clark Mackie and Marion C. Mackie Award
Floyd and Mabel Smith Melvin Scholarship (alumni 1899, 1910, respectively)
Samuel F. Nixon Memorial Scholarship
Carol Scrace Pierce Award
Louis E. Raths Scholarship
Byron E. and Carrie L. Record FUnd
Dr. Daniel Roselle - Class of 1956-1957 Scholarship
Margaret Sawkins-Hastie Award (alumna, ’44)
Marjorie E. Woods Scholarship
Sanford and Lillian Zeman Award
* Department Funds
Educational Development Program
Educational Development Program*
The Gregory Fund
Jeffrey J. Wallace Leadership and Excellence Endowment (alumnus '68)
Ralph Wilson Jr. EDP Book Award
* Department Funds
English
1929 Graduate’s Award - Nineteenth Century Literature
John and Eleanor A. Courts Memorial Scholarship
Albert A. Dunn Memorial Scholarship/Book Grant Endowment
Crescence Ehmke Graham Scholarship
English Department*
Howard Herkimer and Hildegarde Maytum Strong Scholarship (alumni 1911)
Henry F. Salerno Scholarship
Dr. Robert and Joanne L. Schweik Scholarship
Mary Louise White Fund
* Department Funds
Environmental Sciences
Dennis R. and Kathryn L. Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
Bruce and Nancy Garlapow Memorial Scholarship (alumni ’74, ’75, respectively)
Herbert Clark Mackie and Marion C. Mackie Award
Willard Stanley Memorial Scholarship
Geosciences
Award for Spatial Studies
Walther M. Barnard Scholarship
Dennis R. and Kathryn L. Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
Florence M. Eikenburg Scholarship in Geosciences
Fahnestock Memorial Fund
Geographic Information Systems*
Geosciences Alumni Scholarship Fund
Geosciences Department*
Gary and Eileen Lash Geosciences Endowment
Roy A. MacDiarmid Award
Susan J. Mara Scholarship (alumna, ’73)
Dr. Robert Maytum Scholarship
Mark D. and April Hoefner Orgren Scholarship (alumni '75 '76, respectively)
Paul D. Willette Scholarship (alumnus, ’70)
* Department Funds
History
David H. Carnahan Scholarship
William and Helen Chazanof Award
Dr. Kenneth E. Cutler Scholarship
History Department*
History Department Cultural Fund
History Department Endowment
Kim Korhummel Scholarship
MacPhee Scholarship
John J. and Helen Mancuso Scholarship
Robert and Marilyn Maytum Scholarship
* Department Funds
Library
Carnahan-Jackson Library Endowment
William and Helen Chazanof Award
Jack T. Ericson Endowment
Friends of Reed Library
Holland Land Company Project
Holocaust Library Fund
Litchfield-French Local History Fund
Nichols Fund*
C. Malcolm and Jeanette Nichols Fund
Reed Library*
Reed Library Endowment
Schaffer Family Library Fund
Zweig Collection*
* Department Funds
Mathematical Sciences
John Beck Memorial Scholarship
Mark Buckenmeyer Scholarship
Feng Chiang Scholarship
Myron T. Dana Scholarship
Santa A.B. DiPasquale Memorial Scholarship
Mathematics Department*
Mathematics Endowment
Earl G. Mathewson Scholarship
Frank R. Olson Scholarship
* Department Funds
Modern Languages and Literatures
Myron T. Dana Scholarship
Thomas Goetz-Robert Rie Scholarship for Excellence in the Modern Languages
Modern Languages and Literatures*
* Department Funds
Music
School of Music Scholarships are awarded to qualified new and returning students. A prospective student whose audition for admission is outstanding will be considered for music scholarships. Scholarships for returning music students are awarded on the basis of music talent, academic achievement, service to the School of Music, and other criteria specified by the awards.
Carol Hepp Adragna Music Education Scholarship (alumna ’66)
Charles D. Arnold Scholarship
Donald Bohlen Music Composition Scholarship
Lucia Gracia Bolton Scholarship
Bromeley Piano Scholarship (alumna ’81)
Lisa Nielsen Burkett Piano Scholarship
Elizabeth S. Carlyon Scholarship for Piano Performance
David H. Carnahan Scholarship
Class of 1953 Award for Excellence
Class of 1954 Scholarship
Class of 1955 Scholarship
Class of 1965 Scholarship
Max and Anne Davis Piano Scholarship
John C. Dubnicki Jr. Scholarship
John C. Dubnicki Sr. Scholarship
Charles C. Eikenburg Scholarship in Opera/Vocal Performance
Charles R. and Shirley Miller Erbsmehl Music Scholarship (alumna ’58)
David Evans Voice Performance Scholarship
Frazeur Percussion Scholarship
Friends Forever – Class of 1958 Scholarship
Friends of Music Fund*
Dr. Homer Garretson and Dr. Louis Richardson String Scholarship
Corinne D. Gast Memorial Scholarship (alumna '44)
Grainger '66 Percussion Graduate Award
Lois V. and Herbert W. Harp Scholarship
Dr. Robert Hesse Violin Scholarship Endowment
Hillman Memorial Music Association Endowment
Hillman Opera Fund*
Iannuzzi-Pidherny Family Endowment (alumna '90)
Mamie and Ira Jordan Minority Scholarship
Robert Jordan Piano Scholarship
Kilduff Voice Scholarship
Harry A. King Scholarship
Lyric Arts International*
John A. Maier Scholarship
Elizabeth Marsh Memorial Scholarship
Howard Marsh Memorial Scholarship
Robert W. Marvel Fund
Virginia Whipple Maytum Music Scholarship
Harry Milgram-David Luterman Scholarship in Music Therapy
Lauren Miller Memorial Scholarship
Monroe-Poummit Big Band Award (alumni ’34, ’33)
Vincent Morette Memorial Scholarship (alumnus ’58)
New York State Federation of Home Bureaus/Elizabeth Marsh Scholarship
Oasis Guitar Jury Award
Sid Olshein Memorial Scholarship
Frank A. and Maureen Pagano Scholarship
Percussion Fund*
A.J. Pierce Scholarship
Poummit Concert Master Award (alumnus ’33)
Poummit Faculty Recognition Award in Memory of Vivian Robe and Catherine Lane (alumnus '33)
Sigurd M. Rascher Memorial Scholarship Endowment
Juliet J. Rosch School of Music Endowment (alumna ’30)
Lawrence Schauffler Scholarship
School of Music*
School of Music Scholarship
Greg Snow Music Technology Award
Claudette Sorel Piano Scholarship Endowment
Isaac Stern String Scholarship
Anthony S. Strychalski Memorial Scholarship
A.L. Van Keuren Music Scholarship
Francella Pattyson Widmer Endowment
Constance Willeford Award for Music Therapy
George L. Wurtz String Bass Memorial Scholarship
Margaret Shuler Wyckoff Scholarship (alumna ’30)
Bob and Betty Young Endowment
* Department Funds
Philosophy
Philosophy Department*
* Department Funds
Physics
Hack Arroe Memorial Scholarship
John J. Connelly Physics Scholarship
Dennis R. and Kathryn Costello Scholarship (alumnus '72)
Dr. Robert Maytum Scholarship
Pendyala I
Pendyala II
Physics Department Endowment
Physics Development Fund*
Physics Research Fund
* Department Funds
Political Science
Erna G. and J. Murdoch Dawley Memorial Scholarship
Morgan Dowd Pre-Law Fund
Fredonia Alumni Lawyers Scholarship
Michael J. Livingston Memorial Scholarship
Robert and Marilyn Maytum Scholarship
Political Science Alumni Endowment
Political Science Department Fund*
Political Science Faculty Endowment
John R. Quatroche Jr. Endowed Scholarship in Political Science
J.R. Soukup Pi Sigma Alpha Scholarship
Special Foundation Scholarship
* Department Funds
Psychology
Donald John Lehr Endowment
Psychology Department Fund*
Psychology Endowment
* Department Funds
Science
David H. Carnahan Research Endowment
Dr. Robert Maytum Scholarship
Lawrence A. Patrie Science Scholarship
Sons of Karen West
Social Work
Social Work Fund*
* Department Funds
Sociology
Sociology Department Fund*
* Department Funds
Sport Management and Exercise Science
Health, Wellness and Recreation Fund*
* Department Funds
Theatre and Dance
1929 Graduate’s Award - Classical Ballet
Alice Bartlett Memorial Award
The Harry John Brown and Paul W. Mockovak Award in Musical Theatre (alumnus '77)
Jack L. Cogdill Scholarship
Keith Cronin Memorial Scholarship
Robert L. Gloor Endowment in Theatre and Dance (alumnus '96)
Walter Gloor Scholarship
Trent Illig Memorial Scholarship
Tim Douglas Jensen Class of 1990 Scholarship Fund (alumnus ‘90)
Robert W. Marvel Fund
Gertrude Prushaw Maytum Scholarship
Midtown Realty Musical Theatre Endowment
John S. Mintun Scholarship
New York State Federation of Home Bureaus/Sally Bulger Scholarship
President’s Award
Carol Prevet Dance Scholarship
Mary and Steve Rees Rising Junior Award for Technical Production
Mary Joyce Schaefer Scholarship
Theatre and Dance Department Fund*
Bea Ullman Scholarship
Dr. Georgiana von Tornow Endowment
Bruce K. Walford Scholarship (alumnus '76)
* Department Funds
Visual Arts and New Media
Art Gallery Fund
Alford Bjurlin Art Scholarship
George Booth Visual Arts Scholarship
Chautauqua Craft Alliance Award for Excellence in Art
Colonel David Correll Imaging Scholarship
Fredonia Potter’s Co-op Scholarship
Graphic Arts Account*
Graphic Computer Account*
Thomas E. Malinoski Endowment for the Visual Arts
Marano/Gnirke Scholarship
Cathy and Jesse Marion Art Gallery Endowment (alumna '79)
Robert W. Marvel Fund
Media Arts Fund*
Carl J. Nordell Art Gallery Endowment
Carl J. Nordell Memorial Scholarship Endowment
Florence and Cynthia Norton Scholarship Endowment Fund for the Arts
Dr. Daniel D. Reiff Art History Scholarship
Visual Arts Department Fund*
Rodney W. Welling Memorial Scholarship
Wendel Duchscherer Scholarship
* Department Funds
Women's Studies
Jeanette McVicker Scholarship for Women's Studies
Women's History/Studies Fund*
* Department Funds
Other Scholarships and Awards
Scholarships and awards listed below are awarded to incoming students and continuing students who demonstrate outstanding academic aptitude, financial need and/or personal qualifications, and who have been recommended by the University Scholarship Committee. Separate applications are not always required. In some cases qualified students are automatically considered for selected scholarships and awards based on pre-established criteria.
Alumax Scholarship
Alumni Scholarships
American Association of University Women (AAUW) Scholarship
Dallas K. and Elizabeth W. Beal Award
Jessica Mary Beal Scholarship
Beaver Club Scholarship
Bennett Endowment
Borzilleri-Gugino Scholarship (alumni ’14, ’26, ’28)
Dr. Roland C. Burton Scholarship
The Buster Brown Bean Company Scholarship Fund
Ruth Tice Callahan Award
Carnahan-Jackson Scholarship
Mary B. and Joseph A. Caruso Memorial Scholarship
Brenda S. Chiappetta Memorial Endowment
Class of 1939 Scholarship
Class of 1942 and 1943 Scholarship
Class of 1950 Scholarship
Class of 1952 Scholarship
Laura B. Cole Scholarship
Evelyn Lawson Coleman President’s Scholarship (alumna ’29)
Robert E. Coon Recognition Award (alumnus ’50)
Council for Women’s Concerns/Marion Sonnenfeld Scholarship
Patrick R. Damore Scholarship Fund
Midge Dean Memorial Scholarship
Deming Family International Scholarship
L. Michael Dimitri Scholarship
Kelly Early Scholarship
Robert and Edith B. Eck Scholarship
Empire State Minority Scholarship
Faculty/Staff Scholarships
Faculty Student Association Fredonia Scholarship Award
Faculty Student Association President’s Scholarship
Len and Carole Faulk Graduate Scholarship
Fiat Lux (Let there be light)
Foundation Freshman Scholarships
Fredonia Rotary Scholarship
Malcolm J. French Memorial Scholarship
Maureen Fries Scholarship
Joseph T. Gallagher Memorial Scholarship
Steve, Sandra and Parker Goldstein Endowment (alumnus ’89)
Willie Mae Goodwine Scholarship
Zola Graf Scholarship
The Gregory Fund
Robert and Elinor Grennell Scholarship
Lena M. Harmon Scholarship
Velyne and Lynn A. Hawkins Scholarship
Fanny A. Hayward Award
S.C.W. Hom Parent Scholarship
Harold Hopkins Memorial Scholarship
Manjiro Inoue Fund
International Student Assistance Fund
Franklin Nelson and Harriet Lyon Jewett Fund
Marlene E. Jimerson Native American Scholarship (alumna ’98)
Mamie and Ira Jordan Minority Scholarship
Keeper of the Dream
George and Elane King Award
Kourelis/Stavrides Award for Outdoor Interests (alumna ’46)
Raymond Lai Scholarship (alumnus ’75)
Lake Shore Savings Scholarship
Charlotte Putnam Landers Scholarship
Lanford Presidential Prize from the Oscar and Esther Lanford Endowment
Horace O. Lanza Scholarship (alumnus 1899)
Michael J. Livingston Memorial Scholarship
Lundquist International Fellowship
M & T Keeper of the Dream Scholarship
Dorothy French Manley Scholarship
David E. Manly Scholarship
Maytum Family President’s Scholarship
Vivian R. McCullor Scholarship
Jeanette Wheeler Mills Scholarship
Stephen Morse Memorial Fund (alumnus ’92)
Nabta Scholarship
Jenny Crecraft Olsen Award
Anthony Patti Memorial Scholarship
Patton/Kirkland Memorial Fund
Xylia Peterson '85 Memorial Fund (alumna ’85)
Morris, '33, and Marian Poummit Scholarship (alumnus '33)
Robert R. Rie Fund
Barbara Rose Memorial Scholarship
Patricia M. Rushboldt Credit Union Scholarship
Betty Norr Saveth Scholarship
Kurt and Sibylla Sonnenfeld Scholarship
Lawrence M. Silvio Memorial Scholarship
Steele Family Scholarships
Thomas Stocky Memorial Scholarship
T.J. Summers Scholarship
John R. Symans Memorial Endowment
Undergraduate Alumni Council
Waring Family Work Ethic Scholarship
Wilma E. Watson Memorial Scholarship (alumna ’19)
Welch’s/National Scholarship
Wendel Duchscherer Scholarship
William and Mary J. Whipple Keeper of the Dream
Louise E. Wilder Scholarship
Yvonne Wilensky Scholarship
Theresa Dubnicki and Lawrence Williams Scholarship
Winch Endowment Fund
Dr. Nelson C. Wood Scholarship
Woods and Earl Memorial Fund (alumna ’21)
Special Funds
The following funds are held by the Fredonia College Foundation and used for the enhancement of university programs:
25 Year Anniversary Gifts
50 Year Anniversary Gifts
Alumni House Fund
Dorothy L. Anderson Memorial Endowment
Jurgen P. Banse-Fay Production Management Internship Award (alumnus ’88)
Dallas K. Beal Community Access Fund
Campus and Community Children's Center Endowment
Carnahan-Jackson Fund for the Humanities
Grant Cooper Endowment
Counseling Center Fund
DFT Communications Technology Endowment Fund
Amy Elizabeth Everett Memorial Award
European Union Institute Fund
Excelco Developments, Inc. and Newbrook Machine Corporation Scholarship
William T. Hagan Young Scholar/Artist Award
Hahn Family Freedonia Marxonia Fund
Health Services Administration
Dennis and Jan Hefner Academic Enhancement Endowment
E. Louise Hoag Opera Fund
Holocaust Genocide Fund
Franklin Nelson and Harriet Lyon Jewett Fund
Rick and Michele Johnson Family Endowment (alumna '73)
Leadership Program
Lodge Fund
Maytum Distinguished Lecture Endowment
Multicultural Affairs Fund
Native American Consortium Fund
Phyllis W. and Lawrence A. Patrie - Endowment for the Sciences
Poummit Secretarial Award in Memory of Janet Marks (alumnus ’33)
Public Safety Programs Fund
Recruitment Initiative Scholarship
Residence Life Fund
Rockefeller Arts Center Fund
Rockefeller Arts Center Endowment Fund
Juliet J. Rosch School of Music Endowment (alumna ’30)
Sean Ryan Memorial Fund
Barbara Saletta Meritorious Service Award
John Saulitis Humanities Fund
Leslie J. and Ethel H. Shaw Community Fund
Roger C. Seager Presidential Scholarship
Senior Challenge Endowments
John L. Stroub Scholarship Fund
Student Affairs Fund
Turkish Student Fund
V-Day Campaign
Pearl B. Vallance Arts Center Fund
WCVF Public Radio Fund
Williams Visiting Professorship
Winch Endowment Fund
W.N.Y. School Press Association Fund
Bob and Betty Young Emergency Grant Endowment
Henry C. Youngerman Center Equipment Fund
Unrestricted Endowments
For priority needs determined by the University President or Fredonia College Foundation Board of Directors:
Gertrude Maytum Garland Endowment
Walter Gotowka Family Endowment (alumni ’81, ’80, respectively)
Kathryn Hakes Endowment
Arthur R. Johnson Endowment (alumnus '56)
Johnson Family Endowment Fund
Mintun Family Fund
Al Newman Fund
Title III Endowment
George and Barbara Luke Weaver Fund (alumna ’44)